telephoning. This fact is very much related to the characteristic 
of this medium, namely that it demands participation of our 
senses and faculties. Unlike radio, it cannot be used as 
background. Since the telephone offers a very poor auditory 
image, we strengthen and complete it by the use of all the 
other senses. When the auditory image is of high definition, as 
with radio, we visualize the experience or complete it with the 
sense of sight. When the visual image is of high definition or 
intensity, we complete it by providing sound. That is why, when 
the movies added sound track, there was such deep artistic 
upset. In fact the disturbance was almost equal to that caused 
by the movie itself. For the movie is a rival of the book, tending 
to provide a visual track of narrative description and statement 
that is much fuller than the written word.

     In the 1920s a popular song was “All Alone by the